Qt is a popular toolkit typically being used for GUI’s in C++ applications. But we can make use of it for Python applications too, if we install an additional Python binding called PyQt. The Qt framework and the PyQt binding are prerequisites for IPython, which we will install later on. IPython is a significant enhancement to the Python console. The official home of the Python Programming Language. While Javascript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited.
Mozarella Ashbadger is the latest revolution in web browsing! Go back and forward!
(you'll need it). Any similarity to other browsers is entirely coincidental. This is an updated version of the basic PyQt-based browser which adds support for tabbed browsing. If you want to read about how a Qt web browser is implemented internals, read that first — this is just about tabifying it. The full source code for Mozzarella Ashbadger is available in the repository. You can download/clone to get a working copy, then install requirements using. Python3 browsertabbed.py Read on for a walkthrough of how to convert the existing browser code to support tabbed browsing.
Creating a QTabWidget Adding a tabbed interface to our browser is simple using a QTabWidget. This provides a simple container for multiple widgets (in our case QWebEngineView widgets) with a built-in tabbed interface for switching between them. Two customisations we use here are.setDocumentMode(True) which provides a Safari-like interface on Mac, and.setTabsClosable(True) which allows the user to close the tabs in the application. We also connect QTabWidget signals tabBarDoubleClicked, currentChanged and tabCloseRequested to custom slot methods to handle these behaviours. Tabs = QTabWidget self.
SetDocumentMode ( True ) self. Connect ( self. Tabopendoubleclick ) self. Connect ( self. Currenttabchanged ) self.
SetTabsClosable ( True ) self. Connect ( self. Closecurrenttab ) self.
SetCentralWidget ( self. Tabs ) The three slot methods accept an i (index) parameter which indicates which tab the signal resulted from (in order). We use a double-click on an empty space in the tab bar (represented by an index of -1 to trigger creation of a new tab. For removing a tab, we use the index directly to remove the widget (and so the tab), with a simple check to ensure there are at least 2 tabs — closing the last tab would leave you unable to open a new one. The currenttabchanged handler uses a self.tabs.currentWidget construct to access the widget ( QWebEngineView browser) of the currently active tab, and then uses this to get the URL of the current page. This same construct is used throughout the source for the tabbed browser, as a simple way to interact with the current browser view.
Def addnewtab ( self, qurl = None, label = 'Blank' ): if qurl is None: qurl = QUrl ( ' ) browser = QWebEngineView browser. SetUrl ( qurl ) i = self. AddTab ( browser, label ) self. SetCurrentIndex ( i ) Signal & Slot changes While the setup of the QTabWidget and associated signals is simple, things get a little trickier in the browser slot methods.
Whereas before we had a single QWebEngineView now there are multiple views, all with their own signals. If signals for hidden tabs are handled things will get all mixed up. For example, the slot handling a loadCompleted signal must check that the source view is in a visible tab and only act if it is. We can do this using for sending additional data with signals. Below is an example of doing this when creating a new QWebEngineView in the addnewtab function. # More difficult! We only want to update the url when it's from the # correct tab browser.
Connect ( lambda qurl, browser = browser: self. Updateurlbar ( qurl, browser ) ) browser.
Connect ( lambda , i = i, browser = browser: self. SetTabText ( i, browser. Title ) ) As you can see, we set a lambda as the slot for the urlChanged signal, accepting the qurl parameter that is sent by this signal. We add the recently created browser object to pass into the updateurlbar function. Now, whenever the urlChanged signal fires updateurlbar will receive both the new URL and the browser it came from.
In the slot method we can then check to ensure that the source of the signal matches the currently visible browser — if not, we simply discard the signal. Def updateurlbar ( self, q, browser = None ): if browser!= self. CurrentWidget : # If this signal is not from the current tab, ignore return if q. Scheme 'https': # Secure padlock icon self.
SetPixmap ( QPixmap ( os. Join ( 'icons', 'lock-ssl.png' ) ) ) else: # Insecure padlock icon self. SetPixmap ( QPixmap ( os. Join ( 'icons', 'lock-nossl.png' ) ) ) self. ToString ) self. SetCursorPosition ( 0 ) This same technique is used to handle all other signals which we can receive from web views, and which need to be redirected.
For Mozzarella Ashbadger for more examples.
Python for Mac OS X Python comes pre-installed on Mac OS X so it is easy to start using. However, to take advantage of the latest versions of Python, you will need to download and install newer versions alongside the system ones. The easiest way to do that is to install one of the binary installers for OS X from the.
Installers are available for the latest Python 3 and Python 2 releases that will work on all Macs that run Mac OS X 10.5 and later. Python releases include IDLE, Python's built-in interactive development environment. If you download and install Python from the release page, you may also need to download and install a newer version of Tcl/Tk for OS X. See the for more information. You can run a Python interpreter by double-clicking on Applications / Utilities / Terminal and typing python3 (if you've installed a version of Python 3) or python (to use Python 2) in the window that opens up.
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You can also launch IDLE for the Python version you have installed by double-clicking its icon in the appropriate Python version folder in the Applications folder or you can also just type idle3 or idle in a terminal window. There are many thousands of additional Python software packages available through, the Python Package Index.
We recommend you use the tool to simplify installing and managing additional packages. Pip is included with Python 3.4 releases; for earlier releases, follow the pip install instructions. Among the packages available through PyPI are some that are specifically for OS X environments. Among these are:. which provides a bridge between Python and Objective-C, allowing you to write full-featured native Cocoa applications in pure Python.
which allows you to make standalone OS X double-clickable application bundles and plugins from Python scripts. For more information about Python on OS X, see the mailing list and archives for the.